Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Technology

J. Patel Chirag ¹, Satyanand Tyagi ², Patel Pinkesh ¹, Alpesh Yadav ¹

Affiliations
1 Maharishi Arvind Institute of Pharmacy, Mansarovar, Jaipur, Rajasthan-302020, IN
2 Tyagi Pharmacy Association, Chattarpur, New Delhi-110074, IN

Abstract

Now a day the use of herbal medicines has been increased all over the world due to their excellent and miraculous therapeutic effects and fewer side effects as compared to the modern medicines. Most of phytoconstituents of herbal extracts are water soluble and poorly miscible with oils and other lipids. Lipid solubility and molecular size of phytoconstituents are the major limiting factors for molecule to pass the biological membrane to be absorbed systemically following the oral or topical administration. The bioavailability of phytoconstituents can be increased by use of novel drug delivery system, which can increase the phytoconstituents solubility in gastrointestinal fluid as well as capacity to cross lipid rich biological membrane. Complexation of phytoconstituents with phospholipids or phosphotidylcholine results in novel drug delivery system called Phytosomes. The term phytosomes is coined from two different terms: 'phyto' meaning plant and 'some' meaning cell like. Phytosomes are small in size and are cell like structures. The phytosome technology creates intermolecular bonding between individual polyphenol molecules and one or more molecules of the phosphatidylcholine or phospholipids. A Phytosome of herbal extract is generally more bioavailable than a simple herbal extract due to its enhanced capacity to cross the lipid-rich biomembranes. Phytosomes exhibits excellent pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynemic profile. Phytosomes can be formulated in the form of tablet, capsule, solution, suspension, emulsion, syrup. This article reviews the current trend and applications of herbal extract phytosomes as a tool of novel drug delivery system.

Keywords

Phytosomes, Phytoconstituents, Phospholipids, Bioavailability, Herbal Extracts.

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J. Patel Chirag ¹, Asija Sangeeta ², Patel Pinkesh ², Mangukia Dhruv ², Satyanand Tyagi ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, Maharishi Arvind Institute of Pharmacy, Jaipur, Rajasthan, IN
2 Maharishi Arvind Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Jaipur, Rajasthan, IN
3 Tyagi Pharmacy Association (Pharmacy), Chattarpur, New Delhi, IN

Abstract

The reasons that the oral route achieved such popularity may be in part attributed to its ease of administration. The medicated chewing gum (MCG) is one of the very popular oral confectionery products. The medicated chewing gums are solid, single dose preparations with a base consisting mainly of gums that are intended to be chewed but not swallowed. Chewing gum known as gum base (insoluble gum base resin) contains elastomers, waxes, emulsifiers, fillers, antioxidants, food colorings, softeners, sweeteners, flavoring agents, and in case of medical chewing gum, active substances. They contain one or more active substances which are released by chewing and are intended to be used for local treatment of mouth diseases or systemic delivery after absorption through the buccal mucosa and improve the oral bioavailability of drugs undergoing first pass metabolism. It offers various advantages over conventional drug delivery systems. It is a potentially useful means of administering drugs either locally or systemically via, the oral cavity. It was concluded that chewing gum is an excellent drug delivery system for self-medication as it is convenient and can be administered discretely without water.

Keywords

Chewing Gum, MCG, Dental Caries, Stability.

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J. Patel Chirag ¹, Asija Rajesh ¹, Asija Sangeeta ¹, K. Mangukia Dhruv ¹, R. Patel Jaimin ¹, Kanu Patel ²

Affiliations
1 Maharishi Arvind Institute of Pharmacy, Mansarovar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, IN
2 K.L.E. Collage of Pharmacy, Bangalore, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

The aim of this study was to formulate and evaluate self pore forming osmotically controlled drug delivery system of Nifedipine. Nifedipine is a dihydropyridine acting as calcium channel blocker with an elimination half life of 2 hours, thereby requiring twice or thrice daily dosing in patients, which may lead to non-compliance. This system was formulated with an intention to achieve zero order release of Nifedipine for 12-13 hours to increase patient compliance by reducing the dosing frequency. Cellulose acetate, a film forming polymer was used with PEG 400 as plasticizer, Potassium chloride as pore forming agent and Acetone and methanol were used as solvents. Combinations of Mannitol-Sucrose, Mannitol-Lactose and Dextrose-Sucrose were used as osmotic agents. This system was developed in two stages: formulation of core tablet and coating of tablet core. Core tablets were evaluated for content uniformity, hardness and weight variation while coated tablets were evaluated for film thickness and in vitro release study. Effect of varying the concentration of pore forming agent on release rate was studied. Effect of various osmogens differing in osmotic pressure on release rate was also evaluated. Though all the formulations exhibited near zero order release, F4 gave maximum drug release at the end of 12^th hour which was fairly constant at 13^th hour.

Keywords

Nifedipine, Self Pore Forming Osmotic Tablet, Mannitol, Lactose, Sucrose.

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